å¹ēēćŖć”ć¢ćŖē®”ēć®ććć®å¼·åćŖćć¼ć«ćJavaScriptć®WeakMapćØWeakSetćę¢ę±ćć¾ććć”ć¢ćŖćŖć¼ćÆćé²ććć¢ććŖć±ć¼ć·ć§ć³ćęé©åććę¹ę³ććå®č·µēćŖä¾ćäŗ¤ćć¦å¦ć³ć¾ćććć
ć”ć¢ćŖē®”ēć®ććć®JavaScript WeakMapćØWeakSetļ¼ē·åć¬ć¤ć
å
ē¢ć§ććć©ć¼ćć³ć¹ć®é«ćJavaScriptć¢ććŖć±ć¼ć·ć§ć³ćę§ēÆććäøć§ćć”ć¢ćŖē®”ēćÆéåøøć«éč¦ćŖå“é¢ć§ćććŖććøć§ćÆććé
åćØćć£ćå¾ę„ć®ćć¼ćæę§é ćÆćē¹ć«ćŖććøć§ćÆćåē
§ćę±ćéć«ćęćØćć¦ć”ć¢ćŖćŖć¼ćÆćå¼ćčµ·ććåÆč½ę§ćććć¾ććå¹øććŖććØć«ćJavaScriptćÆćććć®čŖ²é”ć«åƾå¦ććććć«čØčØććć2ć¤ć®å¼·åćŖćć¼ć«ćWeakMapćØWeakSetćęä¾ćć¦ćć¾ćććć®ē·åć¬ć¤ćć§ćÆćWeakMapćØWeakSetć®č¤éććęćäøććććććć©ć®ććć«ę©č½ććć©ć®ćććŖå©ē¹ćććććčŖ¬ęćććććøć§ćÆćć§å¹ęēć«ę“»ēØććććć®å®č·µēćŖä¾ćęä¾ćć¾ćć
JavaScriptć«ćććć”ć¢ćŖćŖć¼ćÆć®ēč§£
WeakMapćØWeakSetć«ę·±ćå
„ćåć«ććććć解決ććåé”ć§ććć”ć¢ćŖćŖć¼ćÆć«ć¤ćć¦ēč§£ććććØćéč¦ć§ććć”ć¢ćŖćŖć¼ćÆćØćÆćć¢ććŖć±ć¼ć·ć§ć³ćć”ć¢ćŖćå²ćå½ć¦ćå¾ććć®ć”ć¢ćŖćäøč¦ć«ćŖć£ćć«ććććććć·ć¹ćć ć«č§£ę¾ććććŖćē¾č±”ć§ććęéćØćØćć«ćććć®ćŖć¼ćÆćčē©ćććØćć¢ććŖć±ć¼ć·ć§ć³ć®éåŗ¦ćä½äøććęēµēć«ćÆćÆć©ćć·ć„ććåÆč½ę§ćććć¾ćć
JavaScriptć§ćÆćć”ć¢ćŖē®”ēćÆäø»ć«ć¬ćć¼ćøć³ć¬ćÆćæć«ćć£ć¦čŖåēć«å¦ēććć¾ććć¬ćć¼ćøć³ć¬ćÆćæćÆćć«ć¼ććŖććøć§ćÆćļ¼ć°ćć¼ćć«ćŖććøć§ćÆććć³ć¼ć«ć¹ćæććÆćŖć©ļ¼ććå°éć§ććŖććŖć£ććŖććøć§ćÆććå ęććć”ć¢ćŖćå®ęēć«ē¹å®ććč§£ę¾ćć¾ććććććęå³ććŖććŖććøć§ćÆćåē §ćć¬ćć¼ćøć³ć¬ćÆć·ć§ć³ć妨ććć”ć¢ćŖćŖć¼ćÆć«ć¤ćŖććććØćććć¾ććē°”åćŖä¾ćčćć¦ćæć¾ćććć
let element = document.getElementById('myElement');
let data = {
element: element,
value: 'Some data'
};
// ... later
// Even if the element is removed from the DOM, 'data' still holds a reference to it.
// This prevents the element from being garbage collected.
ćć®ä¾ć§ćÆćdataćŖććøć§ćÆććDOMč¦ē“ elementćøć®åē
§ćäæęćć¦ćć¾ććelementćDOMććåé¤ććć¦ććdataćŖććøć§ćÆććć¾ć ååØććå “åćć¬ćć¼ćøć³ć¬ćÆćæćÆdataćéćć¦ć¾ć å°éåÆč½ć§ćććććelementćå ęććć”ć¢ćŖćč§£ę¾ć§ćć¾ććććććÆWebć¢ććŖć±ć¼ć·ć§ć³ć«ćććć”ć¢ćŖćŖć¼ćÆć®äøč¬ēćŖåå ć§ćć
WeakMapć®ē“¹ä»
WeakMapćÆććć¼ććŖććøć§ćÆćć§ćŖććć°ćŖćććå¤ćÆä»»ęć®å¤ćåćććØćć§ćććć¼ćØå¤ć®ćć¢ć®ć³ć¬ćÆć·ć§ć³ć§ćććå¼±ć(weak)ććØććčØčćÆćWeakMapå
ć®ćć¼ćå¼±ćäæęććććØććäŗå®ćęćć¾ćććććÆććććć®ćć¼ćå ęććć”ć¢ćŖćć¬ćć¼ćøć³ć¬ćÆćæćč§£ę¾ććć®ć妨ććŖćććØćęå³ćć¾ćććććć¼ćŖććøć§ćÆććć³ć¼ćć®ä»ć®ć©ć®éØåćććå°éć§ććŖććŖććWeakMapć«ćć£ć¦ć®ćæåē
§ććć¦ććå “åćć¬ćć¼ćøć³ć¬ćÆćæćÆćć®ćŖććøć§ćÆćć®ć”ć¢ćŖćčŖē±ć«č§£ę¾ć§ćć¾ćććć¼ćć¬ćć¼ćøć³ć¬ćÆć·ć§ć³ććććØćWeakMapå
ć®åƾåæććå¤ćć¬ćć¼ćøć³ć¬ćÆć·ć§ć³ć®åÆ¾č±”ćØćŖćć¾ćć
WeakMapć®äø»ćŖē¹å¾“ļ¼
- ćć¼ćÆćŖććøć§ćÆćć§ćŖććć°ćŖććŖćļ¼
WeakMapć®ćć¼ćØćć¦ä½æēØć§ććć®ćÆćŖććøć§ćÆćć®ćæć§ććę°å¤ćęååććć¼ć«å¤ć®ćććŖććŖććć£ćå¤ćÆčرåÆććć¾ććć - å¼±ćåē §ļ¼ ćć¼ćÆå¼±ćäæęććććć¼ćŖććøć§ćÆććä»ććå°éć§ććŖććŖć£ććØćć«ć¬ćć¼ćøć³ć¬ćÆć·ć§ć³ćåÆč½ć«ćć¾ćć
- å復å¦ēćÆäøåÆļ¼
WeakMapćÆććć¼ćå¤ćå復å¦ēććććć®ć”ć½ććļ¼ä¾ļ¼forEachćkeysćvaluesļ¼ćęä¾ćć¾ććććććÆććććć®ć”ć½ććć®ååØćWeakMapć«ćć¼ćøć®å¼·ćåē §ćäæęćććåæ č¦ććććå¼±ćåē §ć®ē®ēćęćŖćććć§ćć - ćć©ć¤ćć¼ććć¼ćæć®äæåļ¼
WeakMapćÆććŖććøć§ćÆćć«é¢é£ä»ćććććć©ć¤ćć¼ććć¼ćæćäæåććććć«ćć使ēØććć¾ćććć¼ćæćÆćŖććøć§ćÆćčŖä½ćéćć¦ć®ćæć¢ćÆć»ć¹åÆč½ć§ćć
WeakMapć®åŗę¬ēćŖä½æēØę³ļ¼
仄äøć«WeakMapć®ē°”åćŖä½æēØä¾ć示ćć¾ćć
let weakMap = new WeakMap();
let element = document.getElementById('myElement');
weakMap.set(element, 'Some data associated with the element');
console.log(weakMap.get(element)); // Output: Some data associated with the element
// If the element is removed from the DOM and no longer referenced elsewhere,
// the garbage collector can reclaim its memory, and the entry in the WeakMap will also be removed.
å®č·µä¾ļ¼DOMč¦ē“ ćć¼ćæć®äæå
WeakMapć®äøč¬ēćŖä½æēØä¾ć®1ć¤ćÆćDOMč¦ē“ ćć¬ćć¼ćøć³ć¬ćÆć·ć§ć³ćććć®ć妨ććććØćŖćććććć«é¢é£ćććć¼ćæćäæåććććØć§ććć¦ć§ććć¼ćøć®åććæć³ć«ććć¤ćć®ć”ćæćć¼ćæćäæåćććć·ććŖćŖćčćć¦ćæć¾ćććć
let buttonMetadata = new WeakMap();
let button1 = document.getElementById('button1');
let button2 = document.getElementById('button2');
buttonMetadata.set(button1, { clicks: 0, label: 'Button 1' });
buttonMetadata.set(button2, { clicks: 0, label: 'Button 2' });
button1.addEventListener('click', () => {
let data = buttonMetadata.get(button1);
data.clicks++;
console.log(`Button 1 clicked ${data.clicks} times`);
});
// If button1 is removed from the DOM and no longer referenced elsewhere,
// the garbage collector can reclaim its memory, and the corresponding entry in buttonMetadata will also be removed.
ćć®ä¾ć§ćÆćbuttonMetadataćåććæć³ć®ćÆćŖććÆę°ćØć©ćć«ćäæåćć¦ćć¾ććććććæć³ćDOMććåé¤ćććä»ććåē
§ćććŖććŖć£ćå “åćć¬ćć¼ćøć³ć¬ćÆćæćÆćć®ć”ć¢ćŖćč§£ę¾ć§ććbuttonMetadataå
ć®åƾåæćććØć³ććŖćčŖåēć«åé¤ćććć”ć¢ćŖćŖć¼ćÆćé²ćć¾ćć
å½éåć«é¢ććčę ®äŗé
č¤ę°ć®čØčŖććµćć¼ćććć¦ć¼ć¶ć¼ć¤ć³ćæć¼ćć§ć¼ć¹ćę±ćéćWeakMapćÆē¹ć«å½¹ē«ć”ć¾ććDOMč¦ē“ ć«é¢é£ä»ćććććć±ć¼ć«åŗęć®ćć¼ćæćäæåć§ćć¾ćć
let localizedStrings = new WeakMap();
let heading = document.getElementById('heading');
// English version
localizedStrings.set(heading, {
en: 'Welcome to our website!',
fr: 'Bienvenue sur notre site web!',
es: '”Bienvenido a nuestro sitio web!'
});
function updateHeading(locale) {
let strings = localizedStrings.get(heading);
heading.textContent = strings[locale];
}
updateHeading('fr'); // Updates the heading to French
ćć®ć¢ććć¼ćć«ćććć¬ćć¼ćøć³ć¬ćÆć·ć§ć³ć妨ććåÆč½ę§ć®ććå¼·ćåē
§ćäæęććććØćŖćććć¼ć«ć©ć¤ćŗćććęååćDOMč¦ē“ ć«é¢é£ä»ććććØćć§ćć¾ććheadingč¦ē“ ćåé¤ććććØćlocalizedStringså
ć®é¢é£ćććć¼ć«ć©ć¤ćŗęååćć¬ćć¼ćøć³ć¬ćÆć·ć§ć³ć®åÆ¾č±”ćØćŖćć¾ćć
WeakSetć®ē“¹ä»
WeakSetćÆWeakMapć«ä¼¼ć¦ćć¾ććććć¼ćØå¤ć®ćć¢ć§ćÆćŖććŖććøć§ćÆćć®ć³ć¬ćÆć·ć§ć³ć§ććWeakMapćØåę§ć«ćWeakSetćÆćŖććøć§ćÆććå¼±ćäæęćć¾ćććććÆććććć®ćŖććøć§ćÆććå ęććć”ć¢ćŖćć¬ćć¼ćøć³ć¬ćÆćæćč§£ę¾ććć®ć妨ććŖćććØćęå³ćć¾ćććććŖććøć§ćÆććć³ć¼ćć®ä»ć®ć©ć®éØåćććå°éć§ććŖććŖććWeakSetć«ćć£ć¦ć®ćæåē
§ććć¦ććå “åćć¬ćć¼ćøć³ć¬ćÆćæćÆćć®ćŖććøć§ćÆćć®ć”ć¢ćŖćčŖē±ć«č§£ę¾ć§ćć¾ćć
WeakSetć®äø»ćŖē¹å¾“ļ¼
- å¤ćÆćŖććøć§ćÆćć§ćŖććć°ćŖććŖćļ¼
WeakSetć«čæ½å ć§ććć®ćÆćŖććøć§ćÆćć®ćæć§ććććŖććć£ćå¤ćÆčرåÆććć¾ććć - å¼±ćåē §ļ¼ ćŖććøć§ćÆććÆå¼±ćäæęććććŖććøć§ćÆććä»ććå°éć§ććŖććŖć£ććØćć«ć¬ćć¼ćøć³ć¬ćÆć·ć§ć³ćåÆč½ć«ćć¾ćć
- å復å¦ēćÆäøåÆļ¼
WeakSetćÆććć®č¦ē“ ćå復å¦ēććććć®ć”ć½ććļ¼ä¾ļ¼forEachćvaluesļ¼ćęä¾ćć¾ććććććÆćå復å¦ēć«ćÆå¼·ćåē §ćåæ č¦ćØćŖćććć®ē®ēćęćŖćććć§ćć - ć”ć³ćć¼ć·ććć®čæ½č·”ļ¼
WeakSetćÆććŖććøć§ćÆććē¹å®ć®ć°ć«ć¼ććć«ćć“ćŖć«å±ćć¦ćććć©ććć追跔ććććć«ćć使ēØććć¾ćć
WeakSetć®åŗę¬ēćŖä½æēØę³ļ¼
仄äøć«WeakSetć®ē°”åćŖä½æēØä¾ć示ćć¾ćć
let weakSet = new WeakSet();
let element1 = document.getElementById('element1');
let element2 = document.getElementById('element2');
weakSet.add(element1);
weakSet.add(element2);
console.log(weakSet.has(element1)); // Output: true
console.log(weakSet.has(element2)); // Output: true
// If element1 is removed from the DOM and no longer referenced elsewhere,
// the garbage collector can reclaim its memory, and it will be automatically removed from the WeakSet.
å®č·µä¾ļ¼ć¢ćÆćć£ćć¦ć¼ć¶ć¼ć®čæ½č·”
WeakSetć®äøć¤ć®ä½æēØä¾ćÆćć¦ć§ćć¢ććŖć±ć¼ć·ć§ć³ć§ć¢ćÆćć£ććŖć¦ć¼ć¶ć¼ć追跔ććććØć§ććć¦ć¼ć¶ć¼ćć¢ććŖć±ć¼ć·ć§ć³ćć¢ćÆćć£ćć«ä½æēØćć¦ćććØćć«ć¦ć¼ć¶ć¼ćŖććøć§ćÆććWeakSetć«čæ½å ććéć¢ćÆćć£ćć«ćŖć£ććØćć«åé¤ććććØćć§ćć¾ććććć«ćććć¬ćć¼ćøć³ć¬ćÆć·ć§ć³ć妨ććććØćŖćć¢ćÆćć£ććŖć¦ć¼ć¶ć¼ć追跔ć§ćć¾ćć
let activeUsers = new WeakSet();
function userLoggedIn(user) {
activeUsers.add(user);
console.log(`User ${user.id} logged in. Active users: ${activeUsers.has(user)}`);
}
function userLoggedOut(user) {
// No need to explicitly remove from WeakSet. If the user object is no longer referenced,
// it will be garbage collected and automatically removed from the WeakSet.
console.log(`User ${user.id} logged out.`);
}
let user1 = { id: 1, name: 'Alice' };
let user2 = { id: 2, name: 'Bob' };
userLoggedIn(user1);
userLoggedIn(user2);
userLoggedOut(user1);
// After some time, if user1 is no longer referenced elsewhere, it will be garbage collected
// and automatically removed from the activeUsers WeakSet.
ć¦ć¼ć¶ć¼čæ½č·”ć«ćććå½éēćŖčę ®äŗé
ē°ćŖćå°åć®ć¦ć¼ć¶ć¼ćę±ćéćć¦ć¼ć¶ć¼ćŖććøć§ćÆććØäøē·ć«ć¦ć¼ć¶ć¼čØå®ļ¼čØčŖćé貨ććæć¤ć ć¾ć¼ć³ļ¼ćäæåććććØćÆäøč¬ēćŖę
£č”ć§ććWeakSetćØēµćæåććć¦WeakMapć使ēØćććØćć¦ć¼ć¶ć¼ćć¼ćæćØć¢ćÆćć£ćć¹ćć¼ćæć¹ćå¹ēēć«ē®”ēć§ćć¾ćć
let activeUsers = new WeakSet();
let userPreferences = new WeakMap();
function userLoggedIn(user, preferences) {
activeUsers.add(user);
userPreferences.set(user, preferences);
console.log(`User ${user.id} logged in with preferences:`, userPreferences.get(user));
}
let user1 = { id: 1, name: 'Alice' };
let user1Preferences = { language: 'en', currency: 'USD', timeZone: 'America/Los_Angeles' };
userLoggedIn(user1, user1Preferences);
ććć«ćććć¦ć¼ć¶ć¼ćŖććøć§ćÆććēåćć¦ććéć ćć¦ć¼ć¶ć¼čØå®ćäæåćććć¦ć¼ć¶ć¼ćŖććøć§ćÆććć¬ćć¼ćøć³ć¬ćÆć·ć§ć³ćććå “åć®ć”ć¢ćŖćŖć¼ćÆćé²ćć¾ćć
WeakMap vs. Map 㨠WeakSet vs. Set: äø»ćŖéć
WeakMapćØMapćććć¦WeakSetćØSetć®äø»ćŖéććēč§£ććććØćéč¦ć§ćć
| ę©č½ | WeakMap |
Map |
WeakSet |
Set |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ćć¼/å¤ć®å | ćŖććøć§ćÆćć®ćæ (ćć¼), ä»»ęć®å¤ (å¤) | ä»»ęć®å (ćć¼ćØå¤) | ćŖććøć§ćÆćć®ćæ | ä»»ęć®å |
| åē §ć®å | å¼±ć (ćć¼) | å¼·ć | å¼±ć | å¼·ć |
| å復å¦ē | äøåÆ | åÆč½ (forEach, keys, values) |
äøåÆ | åÆč½ (forEach, values) |
| ć¬ćć¼ćøć³ć¬ćÆć·ć§ć³ | ä»ć«å¼·ćåē §ćååØććŖćå “åććć¼ćÆć¬ćć¼ćøć³ć¬ćÆć·ć§ć³ć®åÆ¾č±”ćØćŖć | MapćååØććéćććć¼ćØå¤ćÆć¬ćć¼ćøć³ć¬ćÆć·ć§ć³ć®åÆ¾č±”ćØćŖććŖć | ä»ć«å¼·ćåē §ćååØććŖćå “åććŖććøć§ćÆććÆć¬ćć¼ćøć³ć¬ćÆć·ć§ć³ć®åÆ¾č±”ćØćŖć | SetćååØććéćććŖććøć§ćÆććÆć¬ćć¼ćøć³ć¬ćÆć·ć§ć³ć®åÆ¾č±”ćØćŖććŖć |
WeakMapćØWeakSetć使ēØććå “é¢
WeakMapćØWeakSetćÆćē¹ć«ę¬”ć®ćććŖć·ććŖćŖć§å½¹ē«ć”ć¾ćć
- ćŖććøć§ćÆććøć®ćć¼ćæé¢é£ä»ćļ¼ ćŖććøć§ćÆćļ¼ä¾ļ¼DOMč¦ē“ ćć¦ć¼ć¶ć¼ćŖććøć§ćÆćļ¼ćć¬ćć¼ćøć³ć¬ćÆć·ć§ć³ćććć®ć妨ććććØćŖćććććć«é¢é£ćććć¼ćæćäæåććåæ č¦ćććå “åć
- ćć©ć¤ćć¼ććć¼ćæć®äæåļ¼ ćŖććøć§ćÆćčŖä½ćéćć¦ć®ćæć¢ćÆć»ć¹åÆč½ćŖććŖććøć§ćÆćć«é¢é£ä»ćććććć©ć¤ćć¼ććć¼ćæćäæåćććå “åć
- ćŖććøć§ćÆćć®ć”ć³ćć¼ć·ććčæ½č·”ļ¼ ćŖććøć§ćÆććć¬ćć¼ćøć³ć¬ćÆć·ć§ć³ćććć®ć妨ććććØćŖććē¹å®ć®ć°ć«ć¼ććć«ćć“ćŖć«å±ćć¦ćććć©ććć追跔ććåæ č¦ćććå “åć
- é«ć³ć¹ććŖęä½ć®ćć£ćć·ć„ļ¼ WeakMapć使ēØćć¦ććŖććøć§ćÆćć«åƾćć¦å®č”ćććé«ć³ć¹ććŖęä½ć®ēµęććć£ćć·ć„ć§ćć¾ćććŖććøć§ćÆććć¬ćć¼ćøć³ć¬ćÆć·ć§ć³ććććØććć£ćć·ć„ćććēµęćčŖåēć«ē “ę£ććć¾ćć
WeakMapćØWeakSetć使ēØććććć®ćć¹ććć©ćÆćć£ć¹
- ćć¼/å¤ćØćć¦ćŖććøć§ćÆćć使ēØććļ¼
WeakMapćØWeakSetćÆććććććć¼ć¾ććÆå¤ćØćć¦ćŖććøć§ćÆćć®ćæćę ¼ē“ć§ććććØćåæććŖćć§ćć ććć - ćć¼/å¤ćøć®å¼·ćåē
§ćéæććļ¼
WeakMapćWeakSetć«ę ¼ē“ććććć¼ćå¤ćøć®å¼·ćåē §ćä½ęććŖćććć«ćć¦ćć ććććććÆå¼±ćåē §ć®ē®ēćęćŖćć¾ćć - 代ęæę”ćę¤čØććļ¼ ē¹å®ć®ć¦ć¼ć¹ć±ć¼ć¹ć«åƾćć¦
WeakMapćWeakSetćé©åćŖéøęč¢ć§ćććč©ä¾”ćć¦ćć ćććå “åć«ćć£ć¦ćÆćē¹ć«ćć¼ćå¤ćå復å¦ēććåæ č¦ćććå “åćÆćéåøøć®MapćSetć®ę¹ćé©åćŖå “åćććć¾ćć - å¾¹åŗēć«ćć¹ćććļ¼ ć”ć¢ćŖćŖć¼ćÆćä½ęćć¦ćććć
WeakMapćØWeakSetćęå¾ ć©ććć«åä½ćć¦ććććØć確čŖććććć«ćć³ć¼ććå¾¹åŗēć«ćć¹ććć¦ćć ććć
ćć©ć¦ć¶ć®äŗęę§
WeakMapćØWeakSetćÆć仄äøćå«ććć¹ć¦ć®ęę°ćć©ć¦ć¶ć§ćµćć¼ćććć¦ćć¾ćć
- Google Chrome
- Mozilla Firefox
- Safari
- Microsoft Edge
- Opera
WeakMapćØWeakSetććć¤ćć£ćć§ćµćć¼ććć¦ććŖćå¤ććć©ć¦ć¶ć®å “åćÆćććŖćć£ć«ć使ēØćć¦ę©č½ćęä¾ć§ćć¾ćć
ēµč«
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